Ihrm free essay sample

Training, Performance Management, Appraisal and Compensation Issues. Introduction: IHRM HRM refers to those activities which organization does for utilizing its human resources effectively, planning of human resource, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, compensation management. From the beginning of globalization, companies’workforce has been diverse and cultural issues are appearing. As a result IHRM emerged. International human resource management developed after 1980’s as a subject focusing mainly on what can be the opportunities and problems for MNC’s expatriation, why cross cultural issues are important for international companies and international aspect of HRM consists employee recruitment, selection, placement, performance and compensation management as well career development policies and practices. International human resource management covers the broader perspective on human resource management which involves recruitment, selection, placement and effectively utilizing employees of the company. IHRM encompasses: Managing employees in the MNCs globally†¦ (Poole, 1990; p1) Managing employees in the global surrounding and dealing with the problems that arise in MNCs operating in many foreign countries unlike working on behalf of foreign companies in own country or managing international employees in local companies†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Ihrm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Briscoe and Schuler, 2004; p1) The way MNCs manage their global employees to gain local as well as global competitive advantage†¦. (Scullion, 2005; p5) A branch of management studies which contains how human resource management are practiced and how it affects in cross-cultural situations†¦ (Peptone, 2006; p523) Issues of international management of people of MNCs along with issues of different parts of their organizations and comparative analysis Of HRM in different countries†¦. Stahl and Bjork man, 2006; p1) â€Å"Complex relationship between globalization, national systems and companies [which Provides us with] three distinct â€Å"levels of analysis† for interpreting and understanding HRM Strategies and practices [the globalization effect, the regional and national effect, and the organization effect]†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Edwards and Rees, 2008; p22) Management of employees in global and cross cultural context and comparative human resource management†¦. (B rewster et al, 2007, p5) Identifying, Selecting and Managing the Global Workforce While talking about the global workforce, the term â€Å"expatriate† is largely been used in IHRM in an article in the management of human resource literature. Kobrin(1988) discussed that US multinational enterprises were minimizing the number of international assignees to reduce cost and because of the high failure of expatriate. Some years later, it seemed that this idea doesn’t reflect the current practices of MNEs. According to the 2002 survey carried out by the consulting firm (ORC); from a sample of 775 MNEs the most common pattern among the majority of these companies, including the North Americans, is an increasing use of employees sending overseas. An expatriate is an employee who works for the company he/she represents for certain time period in overseas. There are abundant numbers of studies about the way organizations manage their pool of expatriates. The studies cover different areas: selection, training, relocation and adjustment, pay and performance, career development and return. Reasons for Expatriation: According to the Black et al. 1992), an expatriate has major three strategic roles. They are Monitoring (management function), transferring skills and knowledge, managerial development. Edstorm and Galbraith (1977) discussed that role of expatriate rely on the foreign strategy of the company. Companies going global used expatriates for coordination, while companies adopting multi-d omestic strategy used expatriate for controlling. In implementer subsidiaries, which apply the resources developed in the headquarters or other units of the organization to a specific geographic area, use expatriates mainly for the transfer of the skill and knowledge. On the other hand, globally integrated subsidiaries, which develops new expertise using the resources generated in other subsidiaries or in the headquarters, use expatriate for the coordination along with the transfer of knowledge. The other reason may include the trustworthiness of expatriates to increase the channel of communication between headquarter and subsidiaries and to ensure that head-office interests are well represented in the subsidiary. Strategic Choices in Expatriate Selection: The selection of expatriates may be on the basis of internal recruitment vs. xternal recruitment, team vs. individual assignments or on the basis of the incentives offered by the organization such as tangible or monetary reward or intrinsic rewards which may include the opportunity for professional development, security or recognition. Managing the Expats: * International assignment for the valid reasons: Assignees are allocated mainly to meet the business demands companies with effective expatr iation look at their international assignment from the long term perspective. Companies expect their expats to gain new ideas which are beneficial for the company or earn skills to lead the market. Companies expect their expats to gain new ideas which are beneficial for the company or earn skills to lead the market. Example 1: Nokia, one of the leading mobile phone manufacturing companies effectively use international assignment to generate knowledge. It has 36 Nokia centers in 11 countries. Upper level forms a team of capable employees n they are assigned in R n D center for creating a new product. The most important thing that matters is executives should be aware of the reason for IA which also helps to gain knowledge and skills for the employee and the company. Furthermore; this awareness should also be in an employee. * Sending the right employee: Employees who are sent on foreign assignments often find difficulty to adapt in new culture. Suppose. Manager of an American car manufacturing company was send to Korea because of his working style in America, Koreans, not only found it offensive, but they would not even speak directly to him. * Repatriation and Career Management: It is seen that companies are finding difficulty in managing the repatriates. For example, the position is not clearly defined after repatriation and they are given the less authority in their country. Employees find themselves in the â€Å"holding pattern† after their return to the company (Harvey,1989;Feldman and Thomas,1992;welch 1994;gregersen amp; black,1996;kamoche,1997;selmer,1999). In addition, the expatriate Sometimes, they may feel that they may not be able to cope up with the changes in their country which is called reverse culture shock (Black, 1992; Forster, 1994). It has been reported that 10–25% of the expatriates leave their company within 1 year after repatriation (Black, 1992; Solomon, 1995; Black, Greger sen, Mendenhall, amp; Stroh, 1999). (Black, 1992; Forster, 1994). As per career is concerned, companies ignore the individual and professional development of the employees (Gregersen et al. , 1998). There’s a lack of international managers who can work in global environment. (Harvey, Buckley, Novice Vic, amp; Wiese, 1999). Companies lack knowledge of how international managers can be developed. (Selmer, 1998). There’s not enough studies conducted how international capabilities gained by the employees can be applied in his home country. Importance of Cultural Awareness: The cultural differences have been quite an issue in international human resource management. It is very important that human resource managers should be concerned about the cultural sensitivities. .Example 2: In Papua New Guinea, there was research on number of accidents happening on that region. Study found out that drivers who were responsible for the accidents were chewing a kind of nut. Chewing this nut was a common thing for that people. Therfore, it was decided that drivers are not allowed to chew the nut anymore associating it with the depressants such as alcohol, and were provided free coffee at certain locations. Managers did not know that the nut works same as coffee. This is an example recounted by Wyatt what works in home country does not work in another country. Coping with the cultural difference has been very challenging for MNCs. It has been a big responsibility for the firms to help staff and their families adjust in a new environment which can affect their performance as a whole. Training, Performance Management, Appraisal and Compensation Issues: Expatriate performance management: Nokia Telecommunication The effective HRM has been a key factor today for the companies to gain sustaining competitive advantage. Before the term performance appraisal was a standard to measure the performance of employees but today employees go through series of processes in which they are assessed which is called performance management. The case company is Nokia Telecommunications; Finnish based MNCs operating in the telecommunication industry . Nokia telecommunication is a company that has the largest number of foreign assignments with approx. 1200 expatriates for more than 15 years * Results of the research: The analysis revealed five different categories of expatriates as per job’s nature. 1. Top level manager:- They work in independent manner ant their performance is managed in distant way. They prepare their performance goal in common manner. 2. Middle level manager:- Some middle level managers were accountable to one or more superiors. Goals for the performance were prepared with mutual consent between employee and the superior 3. Business establisher:- They were particularly concerned about the gain and loss to set up new companies in another country having minimum goals. 4. Customer oriented expatriates:- They work on the projects for current customer and they rely upon the information provided for the goal of measuring performance on daily relationship basis with project manager. 5. R amp; D managers:- They are similar to customer projects. The difference is that they are physically proximal to their mangers. * Managerial Implications: This case underlines this point by demonstrating that despite the company’s standard performance management system intended for global use performance was managed differently. Therefore; one implication of this study is developing an expatriate PM system, a company should pay attention to specific situations and plans accordingly. Another implication is that companies may need to provide several PM tools for superiors’ and subordinates’ use. While standardizing the objectives of performance management, allowing diversity in the means and tool to achieve those objectives may be quite useful. In fact, the development of alternative PM tools may result in effective performance management. References Brewster C, P Sparrow, and G Vernon. 2007. International Human Resource Management. London: CIPD House Dowling PJ, M Festing, and AD Engle Sr. 2008. International Human Resource Management: Managing People in Multinational Context. 5th Ed. Australia: Thomson Learning Delery, J. E. , amp; Doty, D. H. 1996. Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal Haring AW and A Pinnington. 2010. International Human Resource Management. 3rd ed. India: SAGE publications. Harris H, C Brewster, and PR Sparrow. 2003. International Human Resource Management. London: CIPD House. Lazarova M, Michael Morley, and Tyson Shaun. 2008 â€Å"International comparative studies in HRM and performance†. International Journal of Human Resource Management 19(11): DOI: 10. 1080/09585190802404239 Mendenhall Mark, Gary R. Oddo, and Gunter K. Stahl. Readings and cases in International Human Resource Management. th Ed. Scullion H. 2001. International Human Resource Management. In: Human Resource Management: A Critical Text. London: International Thompson Business Press Schuler, R. , S. Youndblood, and V. Huber (eds. ) 1988. Human resource management choices and organizational strategy: From Readings in Personnel and Human Resource Management. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing. Tahvanainen, M. (2000). â€Å"Expatriate performance mana gement: The case of Nokia Telecommunications† Human Resource Management 39: 267–275. DOI: 10. 1002/1099-050X (200022/23) | | |

The Session_Start() Function in PHP

The Session_Start() Function in PHP In PHP,  information designated for use across several web pages can be stored in a session. A session is similar to a cookie, but the information contained in the session is not stored on the visitors computer. A key to open the session- but not the information contained within- is stored on a visitors computer. When that visitor next logs in, the key opens the session.  Then when a session is opened on another page, it scans the computer for the key. If there is a match, it accesses that session, if not it starts a new session. With sessions, you can build customized applications and increase the usefulness of the site to its visitors.   Every page that will use the session information on the website must  be identified by the session_start() function. This initiates a session on each PHP page. The session_start function must be the first thing sent to the browser or it wont work properly. It must precede any HTML tags. Usually, the best place to  position it is right after the ?php tag. It must be on every page you intend to use. The variables contained in the session- such as username and favorite color- are set with $_SESSION, a global variable.  In this example, the session_start function is positioned after a non-printing comment but before any HTML. In the example, after viewing page 1.php, the next page, which is page 2.php, contains the session data and so on. The session variables end  when the user closes the browser. Modifying and Deleting a Session To modify a variable in a session, just overwrite it. To remove all the global variables and delete the session, use the session_unset() and session_destroy() functions. Global vs. Local Variable A global variable is visible throughout the program and it can be used by any function in the program. A local variable is declared inside a function and that is the only place it can be used.

Data Gathering and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Gathering and Analysis - Assignment Example You can either use the raw data (like the balance resistance measurements, if you can get at them) or the measurement the device produces (like the weight shown on the balance display). If you use the measurements the device produces, it would be best if you use a device that you suspect is not giving very accurate measurements, and your formula will enable you to improve its accuracy. Graph the measurements against the standards and determine a formula that would best enable you to make accurate measurements or correct the answers the device gives. Log transform the data if necessary. Convert your formula so that you can predict what result the device will give with one unknown standard from within the data range (interpolation) and one standard outside the data range (extrapolation) is measured. Test to see if your prediction was correct. Comment on the result of this exercise. This exercise shows that measures obtained from measuring devices must be subjected to corrective methods. Besides, measuring devices must be calibrated on a regular basis to reduce instances of error. Produce a graph showing the Olympic Games gold medal times for the men’s 100 metre sprint event from as far back as you can find to 2012. Use the Excel Chart Labeler Add-In to enter the names of the athletes on the graph. Also determine the year at which Olympic Games an athlete is likely to break the 9.5 second mark. Demonstrate how you have tried to make these predictions as accurately as possible, and explain how you knew which was the most accurate method. Follow the Pivot Table notes in the Two Sample Tests Exercise document. Complete the exercises if you haven’t already done so. This will prepare you to be able to complete this exercise, which uses the same

Technology Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Technology Article - Assignment Example The Public Switched Telephone Network and the Wired Internet are mesh networks that have been present for some time. Wireless net technology allows the building of electronic networks without having to dig up buildings and streets since it does not need any physical wiring. Besides, it is flexible in coverage and can reach areas that are beyond other wireless technologies and networks (Lee, Zheng, Jianliang, Shresttha& Deepesh, 56). The nodes of WMN are made up of mesh clients and mesh routers. The mesh routers, which usually have minimum mobility, provide access to network for both convectional and mesh clients. WMNs’ interaction with other networks can be made possible through the bridging and gateway functions within the mesh routers (Akyildiz, Wang & Wang, 1). The mesh clients, like desk tops and laptops, can either be mobile or stationery and are able to generate a client mesh network with mesh routers and among themselves. Each node works both as a host and as a router that forwards packets for the other nodes that are not within the range of direct wireless transmissions with their destinations. WMNs may face steep competition from other broadband technologies like the xDsL, cable, satellite internet and Broadband Wireless Local Loop but they posses significant advantages that make them a viable alternative according to Jun and Sichitiu (1). Some of the applications and scenarios where this technology appears to be more affordable and versatile than other wireless or wired technologies include in emergency situations, extensive coverage areas and unwired, under-wired or hard-to- wire areas (Lee et al., 56). Examples of extensive coverage area are stadiums, offices and campus networks while hard-to-wire areas include highways, golf courses and conduits. WMNs are anticipated to reduce limitations and improve the performance of wireless local area networks, ad hoc networks, wireless

Buss low Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buss low - Essay Example The case involved Apple and Samsung in argument of products manufactory. The jury found Samsung guilty by willfully infringing Apple patents. Apple requested to triple the compensation, but the lawyers defended the claim. Apple requested the court to prevent Samsung to ship products infringing Apple’s patents. The court decision favored Apple. Samsung penalty served as a deterrent effect to worn other companies trying to manufacture products similar to their competitor. The court ruling that Samsung should compensate Apple for damages was right, since Samsung had made profit from Apples products (Wingfield, p. 4). Apple did not make the products for their competitors to flagrantly copy but for delighting their customers. I strongly agree with the courts decision. Each company should use skills but not to copy other company’s product. The ruling served as a warning to Samsung and other companies trying to copy their competitor’s products. Nick Wingfield. Jury Awards $ 1 Billion to Apple in Samsung Patent Case. Viewed on August 24, 2012 from

Transdisciplinary Play Based Assessment Observation Children And Young People Essay

Transdisciplinary Play Based Assessment Observation Children And Young People Essay Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment Observation Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment [TPBA] is a practical approach to assess children at risk for developmental delays or disabilities, and involves the child, his or her parents, and other educational or diagnostic professionals in an ordinary environment of assessment and intervention. A TPBA framework is planned around the play screening session, and the play conference is based on information obtained from the childs parents in relation to their childs developmental status. During the conference session, guiding principles can provided for observing the thinking, social-emotional development, communication and language abilities, and sensorimotor development of the child. The behavioral validity of TPBA methods, materials, and techniques are Vital to this assessment. Mainly, because the assessment requires planning that include the family, as well as from others who are familiar with the child. This aids the baseline for the assessment, which is now similar to the familys environment and experiences. TPBA provides numerous opportunities for children to intermingle with new and familiar materials. In addition, to capture as many perspectives as possible, a variety of observers is included in the assessment. Furthermore, pre-assessment questions answered by the parents aid the educators and other professionals preparing the setting that will stimulate the childs optimal abilities. The implementation of the assessment usually involves the examiner to use informal assistance, and follows and expands upon the childs lead. In a formal setting, the examiner assists the child as he or she elicits behaviors that were not natural in the earlier phase. Then, the child is then, observed after being introduced to a peer in order to observe the interaction among them. Formal and informal play among the parents and the child, motor play, and snack time, allows for a screening of oral-motor difficulties as well as social and adaptive development. Throughout the observation period, an educator or the diagnostic professional discusses with the parent the observations of the childs behaviors, the professional analysis of behaviors, and the parents view of the childs behavior. The observers also guided their observations by questions that address both measurable and qualitative characteristics of the childs behavior. When the assessment is completed, and the childs observed behavior, accomplishments, transdisciplinary recommendations are developed, and a program-planning meeting is arranged to provide added suggestions for the childs parents. These experiences respected the child, his or her family, and the culture in which the child lives. Emphasis focused on the collected data from the areas of development of the child. As for mentioned, TPBA uses observation to evaluate the development status of a child in systematized play settings. According to Stuhlman et.al (2010), the summary of the benefits for observations of play are as follows: Providing opportunities to assess the behavior of child tha is unable or refuses to perform in a formal testing setting. Reveal characteristics of the parent child relationship that help explain the behavior of the child. Provide explanations of developmental domains, and give diagnostic professionals numerous opportunities to learn effective play strategies from a childs parent. Recommend ways to support parents play strategies that are not effective. Identify coping skills and risk factors that affect the childs diagnosis and hinder their planning program. Then increase the parents and professionals relationships (p.2). These play observations correlate to the normal developmental information acquired in the setting, and provide the opportunity to create a parent to professional partnership. Spur of the moment play behaviors of the parent and child, can add critically important information to an assessment. The setting and procedures of the setting allows the child and his or her parents to establish their weaknesses and strengths as well as their areas of difficulty. In general, the principles for observing and assessing is summarized as the need for practitioners to be clear on the need for and purpose of assessing, ensure the appropriateness for the child. In addition, ensure the process is meaningful, consider the ethical issues, validity the outcomes, use appropriate observational methods for the child and the setting, consider the timing of the observation, ensure there is adequate staffing to free the observer from additional responsibilities if necessary, and be clear on how the outcomes will be disseminated, and to whom. The major disadvantage of this approach is that the assessment cannot easily be dynamic, that is, the team members cannot interact with the child in order to see how quickly the child learns or how the child responds if activities were in different ways and by different persons. This research paper has reviewed the literature on transdisciplinary play based assessment, outlining its basic premises and observation features. The implementation of TPBA observation highlighted the importance of increasing the success of this practice of distinguished roles, independent and team responsibility for professional development, and a learning based and supportive team environment.

First Date in A Bad Restaurant :: essays papers

First Date in A Bad Resteraunt It was a beautiful fall evening. The sun was just beginning to give way to incoming twilight. I could smell winter in the air, even through my closed window. Soon there'd be snow on the ground. Matchbox Twenty was playing on my clock radio." I want to push you around...† The mood was set for a soft autumn night. However the mood inside my room was quite different. I was running around trying to do a million things a one time. My makeup was all wrong for my outfit. My hair was too big, no, now too flat. My stomach was rolling inside itself. My poor tummy was on tumble dry and I couldn't quite get it to stop. I couldn't find my shoes; my shirt had foundation on the side. What I really wanted to do was to sit on my bed and cry. Brian had called twenty minutes before the chaos. I could not believe he had called me. He probably thought I was stupid because I was so tongue-tied. He asked me if I would mind coming to dinner with him and a few of his friends. Would I mind? Do cows moo? The horn honked. My frustration grew. If this was a real date, my first one ever, shouldn't he come to the door and pick me up? Maybe take my arm in his and lead me to the car? I had envisioned my first date to at least start off right. This must be an omen. I walked out the door. The moment I heard the click of the lock I knew I looked horrible. A million thoughts raced through my mind, among these were the fact that I should have worn the blue shirt, my hair looks horrible, and oh God everyone is watching me. I tried to hide the sheer gut-retching fear that was boiling in my stomach. I had to do this. I was in too deep to turn and run now. My sweet chariot of the night was a 1988 van. Rust covered the bumper and half of the door. The color of had once been maroon, however had now faded to a slight orange color. Alternative rock boomed from the less then quality speakers. There were at least 6 people in the car, and it was rocking from side to side, in time to the beat.

And what should I do in Illyria?

My brother, he is in Elysium. (1.2.2-3) Viola believes that her brother has drowned during the storm that wrecked the ship. She asks what is to become of her now that her brother is no longer alive to protect her. Elysium, the classical Greek equivalent to heaven represents a place of peace and eternal joy. The similarity in the sounds of the names seems to link Illyria with Elysium, suggesting a place of security and happiness. The inference is that Illyria will eventually provide the healing that Viola needs after the (apparent) loss of her brother. (Go to the quote in the There is a fair behaviour in thee, captain And though that nature with a beauteous wall Doth oft close in pollution, yet of thee I well believe thou hast a mind that suits With this thy fair and outward character. (1.2.43-47) Viola confides her plans for disguising herself as a boy to the Sea-Captain who has saved her from the storm. She comments that although a fair and kindly exterior can sometimes conceal a corrupt soul, she believes that the Captain's nature is as true and loyal as his appearance suggests. This being so she intends to trust him with her secret plan of dressing herself as a boy to protect herself whilst she is in Illyria, and will even ask the Captain's aid in achieving this. (Go to the quote in the text of the play) Did you never see the picture of ‘we three'? (2.3.15-16) This is a topical reference to the caption of contemporary seventeenth-century ‘trick' pictures of two fools or clowns, in which the viewer of the picture then becomes the third ‘fool'. An anonymous painting of two fools, possibly the well-known jesters Tom Derry and Archie Armstrong, exists by this title ‘WeeThree Logerhds' and it is possible that Shakespeare has something like this painting in mind when he wrote this line. Other versions are known to have existed as inn signs, in which the two ‘fools' were depicted as asses, which may explain Sir Toby's greeting to Feste â€Å"Welcome, ass† (2.3. 17). (Go to the quote in the Why, thou hast put him in such a dream that when the image of it leaves him, he must run mad. (2.5.186-188) The image of love wavering closely between dreaming and madness is another of the play's motifs. Maria is referring to the ‘dream' that Malvolio is experiencing of Olivia being in love with him through the trick played by Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Fabian. She suggests that once Malvolio realises it is a trick and that Olivia is not in love with him, the knowledge will drive him mad. Compare these lines with Sebastian's lines in Act 4, scene 1 and his soliloquy at the beginning of Act 4, scene 3. Olivia has declared that she is in love with him, and he has never seen her before. In 4.1 he initially decides that â€Å"this is a dream/†¦If it be thus to dream, still let me sleep† (4.1.60-62). The dreamlike state continues and in 4.3 he is desperately trying to seek some kind of explanation for the situation he finds himself in. He tries to convince himself that â€Å"'tis not madness† (4.3.4), and â€Å"this may be some error but no madness† (4.3.10), but is finally forced to conclude â€Å"that I am mad,/Or else the lady's mad† (4.3.15-16). Sebastian's ‘dream' is temporary in that the apparent madness is dispelled when the identity of the twins is finally revealed and he can claim Olivia as his wife. However Malvolio's experience in the dark house turns his ‘dream' into a living nightmare in which his protestations of sanity are ignored and he is humiliated and humbled. (Go to the quote in the Come, we'll have him in a dark room and bound. My niece is already in the belief that he's mad. (3.4.130-1) Sir Toby's injunction continues the motif of madness, but introduces a darker and more troublesome side to the play. Whilst love can induce a kind of madness that can create the kind of melancholy suffered by Orsino, Sir Toby is refers here to mental insanity. The common cure for insanity during this period was to imprison the patient in a dark room in the belief that the darkness would drive out the evil spirits from the patient's body. This cruel and often violent practice that continued for many years. Sir Toby's proposal to subject Malvolio to this ‘cure' when he knows that the madness is not real indicates a dark side to Sir Toby's character. (cf: Dr Pinch's proposed treatment for Antipholus and Dromio of Ephesus in The Comedy of Errors: â€Å"They must be bound and laid in some dark room† 4.4.95 Nothing that is so, is so. (4.1.8) This line, more than any other perhaps, encompasses one of the dominant themes of Twelfth Night, that of deceptive appearances. Within the world of the play almost everything is deceptive: appearances, love, even death. Feste is speaking this line to Sebastian, whom he believes to be Cesario. Yet Cesario is not who he ‘seems' to be either. The play is dominated by a man who ‘seems' to be in love with a woman who does not return his love, and this woman herself is in love with a woman who ‘seems' to be a man. Viola's brother ‘seems' to be drowned, and Sebastian believes his sister to have died during the shipwreck. These images of deceptive reality also capture the mercurial spirit of the world of Illyria. Shakespeare has endowed Illyria with a kind of magical quality that allows these inversions of normal behaviour and situations. It is only in Illyria that the festival of Twelfth Night can be carried on permanently by Sir Toby and his associates; only in Illyria in which girls can masquerade as boys; only in Illyria where dead siblings can be resurrected. Illyria ‘seems' like a real place with a sea-coast, storms and ruling dukes, but it too is not as it seems to be. It is a make-believe world of illusion and fantasy comparable with Shakespeare's other ‘created', ‘magical' worlds: the forest of Arden in As You Like It, and Ephesus the fifteenth and sixteenth century, masques, disguisings and the Feast of Fools (an ecclesiastic festival which involved an inversion of social hierarchy as members of the lesser clergy dressed up as their superiors to ridicule and mock the routine practices of the church) were closely associated with Twelfth Night. It is this carnival spirit which presides over Shakespeare's comedy as gender becomes a masquerade in Viola's transformation into Cesario, aristocrats fall in love with servants (and vise versa), and stewards entertain absurd delusions of grandeur. The audience is asked to suspend their disbelief in this Discovery Age theme park where fraternal twins appear identical, love at first sight is not an uncommon occurrence, and a narcissistic duke agrees to accept as his â€Å"fancy's queen† a woman who only five minutes before functioned as his male page.3 As Bloom asserts, â€Å"Twelfth Night is a highly deliberate outrage.†

Winslow Homers Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) essays

Winslow Homers Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) essays Winslow Homers Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) Winslow Homers Breezing Up, located on the West Main Floor in Gallery 68 of the National Gallery of Arts, perfectly captures the beauty and splendor of nature and innocence. The painting, which was completed after three years of work in 1876, is displayed among the works of other oil painters including additional works by American and naturalist painter Winslow Homer. In this painting, Winslow Homer depicts a man with three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is riding along the choppy waters. At the center of this painting is the stern or rear of the boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the far end of the stern with his knees up and his bare feet planted firmly on the deck. Although the subject is directly in front of the viewer, Homer uses a slightly diagonal linear perspective that goes from the rear of the boat to the right and distant horizon. It is this boy, not the man, who is steering the boat almost effortlessly with one hand on the line. His face is turned slightly away from the viewer, yet Homer adds so much detail using line and color to accentuate the boys chin, left cheek and eye. Throughout the artwork, Homers use of lines is only hinted at by the detailed contours of the figures and boats themselves. These detailed features stand out greatly against the thick layers of puffy clouds, painted with thick and loose brush strokes, which linger over the water. The use of expressive lines is also hinted at in Homers ability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature, such as the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea and the clouds hovering overhead in the sky. Winslow Homer also uses the technique of line of sight, in which lines are created from the two boys on the left and their father looking to the sail while the boy steering the boat is looking towards the shoreline, their destination. Implied lines may also be app...

How Are the Experts Using LinkedIn - Guest Post by Helen Denney-Stone

How Are the Experts Using LinkedIn - Guest Post by Helen Denney-Stone I was honored to discover an article on LinkedIn Publisher that gave me extensive mention and props for my presentation at the LinkedIn Success Summit. I requested that the author, Helen Denney, allow me to publish a revised version of the article on my blog, and she graciously agreed! Enjoy the updated article below! ⊕⊕⊕⊕⊕ When Liam Austin chose the speakers for his LinkedIn Success Summit, he invited Brenda Bernstein and 34 other top speakers to share their winning strategies and tips on how to use the LinkedIn platform. Together, these invited experts condensed decades of experience and success into a wealth of video sessions. If you haven’t yet been able to generate a positive Return on Investment (ROI) using the LinkedIn platform, you most definitely will after hearing these stories and strategies. The following are my takeaways from 3 of the experts, all who have one major thread in common: they are all women experts on LinkedIn! They give advice on how to stand out on LinkedIn, and even how to build a basic LinkedIn profile, in case you’re just starting out! Brenda Bernstein #1 Amazon best-selling author of How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile. Brenda is a highly qualified and award winning writer. Founder of the Essay Expert, LinkedIn expert and Speaker. Brenda believes that you can profit from your personality when writing your LinkedIn profile. The key points below are her strategies on how to do this in an authentic and memorable way. Don’t be afraid to share your values, vision, beliefs and personality prominently in your profile. Do this effectively and you will stand out from your competitors. Get a branded head shot that has some oomph! Try choosing 3 words that describe your personality, and share them with your photographer. Then choose your head shot based on which one best captures those 3 words. Don’t lose sight of keywords as you share your personality! Prioritize keywords in your headline if you want to be found in searches. Write your Summary to show your personality and the personality of your business. Figure out what makes you and/or your business stand out- and if you want to be personable, write in the 1st person (I/me).Brenda suggests that to get material for your LinkedIn Profile, you can write down 3 peak moments in your life/business. Next pull out any common threads. You will learn a lot about what you have to offer and what makes you tick. You can also ask people you know what they see as your strengths. Write down what they say and weave it into your profile. If they like it then others probably will too! Finally, determine what you want people to take away from reading your profile. What action do you want them to take next? Read your profile Summary now that you’ve included more of yourself in it. If you were a member of your target audience, would you take the action you want your readers to take? Publish on LinkedIn and show your personality and credibility in your articles. Make sure to respond when people comment on your posts. Be active in LinkedIn Groups and don’t be afraid to show your humour, intelligence and personality. When someone sends you a friend invitation, respond and give them something free first- something you feel will be of value to them. Brendas Quotes: â€Å"Almost no one likes writing about themselves. But almost everyone likes seeing themselves expressed authentically on paper.† â€Å"Top mistake on LinkedIn: Thinking all you need is a KILLER LinkedIn profile.† ⊕⊕⊕⊕⊕ Donna Serdula Donna, the Founder of Vision Board Media, is a LinkedIn Profile Optimisation Expert speaker and author. Donna explained your profile is NOT your resume. Your resume is your professional past; it is what you have already done. Your LinkedIn profile is your online reputation- who you are and why connections should pay attention to you. It is your digital representation of your future. Make your profile compelling, exciting and authentic. It is, after all, people’s first impression of you. It should make people want to know more. Donna’s 3 Keys to Maximising your LinkedIn Profile: Before you start on your profile, answer this question: What is the goal of my LinkedIn profile? Only after you know your goal can you can write strategically, keeping that goal in the forefront of your mind. Always talk about what your target audience wants to hear. Speak to them directly, as if they are across the table from you! Headline Think what people would be typing into the search bar on LinkedIn to find you. Optimise your profile for these keywords so you show up in search results. How can you stand out when someone is scrolling through the search results? The first part they will see is your name, your profile picture, and your headline (which by default is your current job title and your company). So make sure your profile image is professionally done, and that your headline is optimised with keywords, is compelling and showcases a benefit statement. Summary Your Summary, which is 2000 characters maximum, should demonstrate who you are, that you understand your readers’ problems, and that you can help them.Your summary should be in 1st person narrative and written conversationally. Highlight some successes, demonstrating how you can help your audience.Be succinct and answer what your customers/clients want to know. If possible, include a link and offer for them to take the next step. Include a clear call to action at the end, as well as your phone number and email so people can contact you easily. Keywords Research your keywords. Then make sure that these keywords are in your heading, summary, experiences and interests. Place the keywords anywhere that is reasonable. Your profile must read naturally and authentically. Never, never stuff your profile with keywords; but take the time to place them everywhere that is plausible. Donna’s Quotes: â€Å"Recognize your target audience and don’t say what you want to say, rather think what your target audience wants to hear.† â€Å"Step back, think about your goal, think about your audience.† ⊕⊕⊕⊕⊕ Karen Yankovich Founder of Linked Up Success, Karen is a LinkedIn expert and speaker. When someone puts your name in a Google search and sees your LinkedIn profile right at the top, this is statistically what they will look at first. This is a brilliant opportunity through your profile to instantly communicate who you are, your personal brand. Use your profile to get them to feel comfortable doing business with you. Karen shares her 5 tips that you need to pay attention to when completing your profile. Be certain to complete these 5 areas and use them effectively. Headline Your headline should be strong and customer/client centric. In other words, just stating that you are CEO is not enough! Your headline is searchable by Google and shows up prominently in Google Search. Be bold, own what you do, and be confident when painting that picture for others to see! Summary Firstly, actually fill this out! Break your summary into easily consumable sections with bullet points. Write it in the 1st person, use all 2000 characters you are allowed, and include keywords. Experience This section builds on who you are and what you have accomplished to be where you are today. Think about all your past experience, not just your previous jobs. Position yourself as influential and the expert you are. Call to Action Remember to put in a call to action not in a salesy way, but something like, â€Å"Reach out if you want a complimentary training†; â€Å"Listen to my podcast†; or â€Å"Download my free report† Make your profile stand out by taking advantage of all the ways LinkedIn provides to customize your profile. Boost your business with 3 further strategies from Karen: Build up your recommendation and be active; actually ask for recommendations. Show up! Be active in groups, post regularly, share, and comment on influencers. Sort your connections by recency, then send a personal note to the most recent. When they respond, take the opportunity to offer help. Karen’s Quotes: â€Å"Start with a strong personal brand to grow your business on LinkedIn.† â€Å"#1 Mistake on LinkedIn: Don’t be pushy, be mindful.† ⊕⊕⊕⊕⊕ Did you pick up the major common thread? It’s your profile! Your LinkedIn Profile is like a 5-minute fast dating session where you get to say who you are, what you do and how you can help. It is your audience’s first impression- make it great, make it authentic, and make it you! The LinkedIn Success Summit was full of many wonderful interviews and the above is a summary of just 3 of the 35 presenters. You’ll find even more great tips by clicking here. Would you like to read more from Helen about LinkedIn experts and influencers (and save yourself the time of listening to all the presentations at the Summit)? Then please click here to read Part 1 of Helen’s Summit Summaries! Helen Denney-Stone is CEO and co-founder of Nudge Marketing, a firm that provides affordable, results-based marketing training for small businesses. She is a published author and artist and loves all things, mindful and marketing†¦ oh! and high heels, boxer dogs and the smell of freshly cut grass. Read the original version of this article here.

Divorce from Different Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Divorce from Different Perspectives - Essay Example This paper will provide a platform for the analysis of the topic of divorce by first understanding their rationale on the subject. Some of the major contributors to the increased divorce cases will be identified and will finally conclude by establishing some of the ways the different parties propose for tackling this problem. According to Browning, the major causes of the change in family patterns such as increased divorce rates are modernization and globalization. This further raises a vital question such as should the changes be embraced and seen as the norm? The other important question that arises is what are the changes indicative of dynamism in family life or are they part of a wider problem or crisis? Browning notes that since the 1980’s there has been a significant change in the worldwide perception of family changes such as divorce. Studies conducted by sociologists, psychologists and economists point to these changes as to having detrimental effects on most people. D ivorce has been found to bring about immense emotional, social and financial consequences. Changes in the family patterns caused by practices such as divorce have been linked to declining well-being of children who are involved in the process. Studies into the effects of divorce have pointed out that children from families where divorce has happened have a high rate of delinquency. They were also found to exhibit low self-confidence and faced a higher risk of leading unhappy marriages in the future. It is critical to understand that each branch of Christianity views divorce in its different way. Since its commencement over two thousand years ago, the Catholic Church has maintained its stand on the indissolubility of marriage. The church holds a conservative view on the dissolution of a marriage. According to the Catholic Church teachings, marriage is a covenant not only between two consenting adults but also between the parties and God.  

Greed, not Grievance is the True Cause of Civil Wars Research Paper

Greed, not Grievance is the True Cause of Civil Wars - Research Paper Example Although there is a lack of common agreement regarding the exact causes of a civil war, it is nevertheless emphasized that the potential of civil war becomes less if a state has the capacity to maintain peace. A strong state has powers to exert control over citizens by positively addressing their grievances. On the other hand, a weak state can have inefficient bureaucratic power and lack of political and military strength. Such inefficiencies and weaknesses make it difficult to implement laws and regulations in order to maintain peace in the region. Therefore, a weak state has the possibility to create conditions to induce grievances among citizens. The state also experiences various challenges in discouraging and restraining dissent within citizens thus laying the foundation for potential civil unrests leading to a civil war. Other factors that affect a civil war can be economic disparities between different regions or between different social groups, class and religious frictions, government policies and international trade. Civil war has been defined as â€Å"an internal conflict where there have been at least 1,000 combat-related deaths per annum and where both government forces and an identifiable rebel organization have suffered at least five percent of the fatalities† (Nathan, 2008, p.263). The prevalence of civil wars in the form of widespread violence has become a matter of international concern, and therefore researchers focus on what makes countries prone to civil wars. This is one of the major issues for foreign policy leaders. Although at the beginning of the twenty-first century several violent civil conflicts ended, there still existed 30 internal armed conflicts in 24 places in 2002. Among these conflicts, 15 existed in Sub-Saharan Africa while 5 existed in Asia. During the second half of the twentieth century, there existed 127 civil wars among which 40 occurred in Sub-Saharan Asia while 30 took place in Asia.